A New Era for Managing Clostridioides difficile Infection

It has long been known that disruption of the gut microbiome, usually by antibiotics, provides an environment that is conducive to the proliferation of Clostridioides difficile (either already present or acquired during or shortly after antibiotic exposure) and production of exotoxins (toxins A and B) that cause inflammation of the colonic mucosa, which typically manifests as profuse diarrhea. In the last decade, we have started to understand the critical