Antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone does not cause disruption in breast milk from mothers with HIV in terms of microbiome richness, diversity or bacterial composition, whereas the use of antibiotics produces distinct changes in the microbiome (Microbiol Spectr 2022 Apr 6. doi:10.1128/spectrum.02080-21).
Breast milk provides developing infants with a nutritious blend of essential microbes, antibodies and human milk oligosaccharides. Nursing infants use breast milk to establish the suite of